How To Breed Its Fish Guppies

Useful Tips for fishing enthusiasts guppies

My hobby is their fish guppies, so I will share tips and ways to tip the fish breed guppies, to want to start a new interest in martial fish guppies. Fish guppies are the easiest fish for breeding and can reproduce in a short time only. The most important thing here is to keep the pH of the water and be where the fish breed and how to feed the fish.

Water suitable for fish guppiesSome people think just the fish alone, the only water park in her will to live. Fish must have water, but water pH she was there. I always use anti chlorine according to a given measure. Fish can not live in chlorinated water or tap water.

If you want to use tap water, to keep down for 2 or 3 days, so that the chlorine is gone. Another way is dependent on rain water shall be well. For me, I did not measure pH with a pH measuring instrument, but adequate follow the syllabus of anti chlorine or use only rain water or filtered water.

How to breed guppies fry
To get the fish fry guppies, there must be male and female fish heheheh!. Place the fish is even a pond or aquarium, we make sure there is a place for privacy fish, like humans, fish do not even want privacy.

Decorate the pool or an aquarium with plants and ornamental stones or broken pottery vases, decorative wood into evil fish that can "honeymoon" there, and there is also a place of privacy fish.

 
Fish jugak female guppies need a hidden when it is about to give birth. Trees and a privacy had become a hideout juvenile guppies from adult fish. That if we did not isolate its new fish breed.

Is necessary to prevent separation of the fish eaten by adults.

Seen juvenile guppies

Want to know the way male and female guppies fish
Fish female guppies more distended belly and the male body is slim guppies or pointy.

Female guppies fish is not as pretty as the male guppies fish. Typically, fish are beautiful male guppies to attract females of other kinds of animals, we saw a rooster with a hen. Can a shadow, right?

Additional Tip: Fish guppies newly purchased at the store with the guppies fish in the drain side of the house is not the same. If you just bought at the store, we have to soak it in a plastic container of water the fish / 10-aquarium for 15 minutes so that the same water temperature. Fish can not easily surprised. Fish in the drains may have been tough and powerful body than fish kept in aquariums.

Maintaining Ornamental Shrimp

Ornamental Shrimp Conservation Tips

Four important things to note, before keeping ornamental shrimp: 

• Good aeration .
• Cycle a great aquarium (aquarium filter is adequate and mature) .
• Does not include plant "dirty", the new etc.
• Do not add too many addictive substances.

Preparation of materials: 

• Aquarium (minimum length 60cm) 
• UGF filter (personal recommendation) 
• Canister (optional) 
• Aerator (if not wearing a canister) 
• Power head (if not wearing a canister or aerator) 
• Soil / substrate / sand - Read recommendations substrate 
• 0.5 x volume of aqua lights. For example aquarium 90liter - 40-45 watt lamps (personal recommendation)

Having the right setup is very important for ornamental shrimp, this is one determinant of your ornamental shrimp populations.

An aquarium is mature (well cycled) usually takes about 30 days of initial setup. Of course, this process can be accelerated by using the old media into the new aquarium. But this is not recommended unless you are sure that the media of the old aquarium is really safe, because the old media may contain unknown parasites or viruses that can be harmful to the shrimp.

Instead, it would be better to include a variety of bacterial powder, nitro-baster, bio-bacteria, or even some basic fertilizer for aquarium. Try as much as micro-and macro-organisms can breed in the aquarium.

There are many models for shrimp aquarium setup. The main difference is its average in the filtration (the filter used). 

• Under gravel filtration (UGF) is supported by the canister. 
• Filtration using a sponge 
• Filtration using a HOB (hang on back)
• A combination of filtration canister

My favorite is the under gravel filtration using a power head or the aerator. Combined with a canister or UGF. My recommendation if sufficient budget, please use the UGF + Canister, but if you can use to setup middle UGF with power head or aerator.

Installation sequence is:

• UGF (under gravel filter)
• Cover with mesh
• Substrate / Soil / Sand - (read the recommendation of substrate)

 Do not forget to keep the temperature at 24-26

BP Oil Will Kill Baby Fish

Louisiana's 3.5 million hectares of marshes and estuaries is teeming with life. This area contains far more species than that of the Everglades, Yellowstone Park, or the Rocky Mountains. This region contains major  nurseries for juvenile marine animals, and nearly everything that lives in the gulf is linked back to these estuaries. The natural capital of this area has been valued at around $1.3 trillion dollars due to the great contribution it makes to US fisheries.

These marshes are already devastated from hurricanes, canals built for the oil industry, as well as dikes. levees and channels that have altered the natural flow. However, now oil is about to further threaten life within this ecosystem and all the biodiversity it contains. At present huge populations of nesting birds are directly in the path of the incoming oil. This includes 400 pairs of brown pelicans, 8500 royal terns, 30000 sandwich terns, and 200 black skimmers.

Ornamental Fishes Under Genetic Upgrading

Many widely sought Indian species of ornamental fishes are going under a genetic upgrading and may end up patented by foreign countries.

This could hit the Indian ornamental fishes industry, mostly centralised in south, in the nascent stage quite badly. The fish export from India is two per cent of 4.5 billion dollar of global business and major revenue comes from the fishes the foreign scientists are vying for patent.

Dr UC Goswami, President, Section of Animals, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences of Indian Science Congress Association said the industry was closing in to lose a good source of revenue if the government fails to formulate a clear policy on ornamental fish export.

"We need to protect and promote the breeding of ornamental fishes, which are real aquatic treasure of the country," said Dr Goswami who was in the city related to research work.

India with its tropical climate fused with varied sources of fresh water and nearly 9,000 km long coastline suits best for small fish cultivation. Tamil Nadu and Kerala have promoted the fish cultivation at micro level roping in foreign agencies such as fisheries resource and management society.

Other states getting into the act have come out with policies giving fillip to the business considering the wide demand for Indian species Singapore and few other south-asian countries are the biggest buyers of Indian ornamental fishes.

But Germans making inroads into the industry genetically engineered Indian species into hybrids ones. They changed their colour pigments using genomics. "They took the valuable fish from us and looking for their patent," said Dr Goswami. 

One of prettiest of fishes with maximum global demand Colisa was the first to under go genetic changes in German labs. The fish is commonly found in the ponds is being exported as Gaurami, which is one costliest ornamental fishes. 

"If the practice is allowed the Indian species will lose identity and become property of the foreigners," he said, adding, "the foreign countries are cashing on the absence of any definite policy on fish keeping and exports". There are several species such as catfish, dwarf, giant Colisa and barbs-the highly popular Indian fishes are being de-Indianised.

Dr Goswami who has extensive work upon the ornamental fish said that different types pigments were formed upon the fish according to the food they took and the quality of water and the adequacy of sunlight they enjoyed.

He said there were vegetarian and non-vegetarian fish but both of them get colours through the vitamin rich diet they consume in water. The best live fish food for the non vegetarian fish was Chironomous and Tibifex larva while the vegetarian fishes extracted vitamins from variety of under water plants.

Prey populations explode as predators get smaller.

When top predators are removed from ecosystems their prey and/or competitors increase due to decreased predation and competitive release. However, can changes in behaviour, or body size, of the predators also cause this effect? If true, this would be most evident in heavily exploited marine ecosystems where size selective fishing has lead to rapid reductions in the size of top predators. The authors in this study used a 38 year time series to examine the relationship between predator size and prey biomass within such an ecosystem, the Western Scotian Shelf.

Their analysis showed that since the mid 1990's predator biomass has remained relatively constant. If one species of predatory fish was overfished it tended to be replaced by another species of predatory fish. Yet, despite no changes in predator biomass, prey biomass has increased by a huge 300%. Statistically, what matched this increase most closely was a decrease in the size and body mass of fish at higher trophic levels. The mean lengths of benthivores decreased by 21%, piscivores by 8%, and planktivores by 16%. When translated into body mass large benthivores decreased by 59%, medium benthivores by 48%, piscivores by 45%, and planktivores by 34%. For example, a haddock in the 1970's weighed, on average, 2 kg, but now weighs approximately 0.8 kg.

The empirical results from this study support the hypothesis that reduction of predatory fish size is the dominant factor in the underlying explosion of prey biomass. Why would this occur? Larger predators have been shown to be more successful at capturing prey due to their faster swimming speeds, and greater visual acuity. Thus, larger predators can consume more prey per unit time than smaller predators, and as a result larger predators can regulate their prey populations more effectively. As predators get smaller, a reduction in predation pressure results, leading to large increases in prey populations such as the pattern observed in this study.

Shackell, N., Frank, K., Fisher, J., Petrie, B., & Leggett, W. (2009). Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277 (1686), 1353-1360 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1020

Arrived in Canada

I have safely arrived in Canada. Sorry about the delay in posts. I aim to get back into it tomorrow. I have been here for a week and it is a very beautiful country. Going to live in a new country the second time around is certainly easier, but you just can't escape the feeling of been completely alone, homesickness and of course jet lag. But I am handling it a lot better than last time so these anxious feelings hopefully won't hang around for long. The marine lab I am at is amazing and so is the project. I am very much looking forward to this year. Today I spent most of my day trying to write more grants for more money so I can stay longer. Here are some pics of the place to keep you occupied until tomorrow.

Marine Reef Aquariums Made Easy

You may need a heater for the aquarium. Whether or not you need one depends on how warm your aquarium will stay without a heater. If you can maintain at least 72° F (22° C) you can usually get by without one. Lighting systems will transfer some heat to the water, so even though the room temperature is only 70° F (21° C) your aquarium will usually be several degrees warmer. Make sure you invest in a thermometer.

You will need a hydrometer to measure for salt level content. Marineland™ makes a new re-designed hydrometer that I recommend for Nano/Mini reefs. We try to maintain a specific gravity (salinity) of 1.023 to 1.024 in our aquariums. Instant Ocean® and Reef Crystals® are our preferred salts. You should first add water and salt to your aquarium and let it mix overnight with the power filter running. The next morning test the salinity. Add more salt to raise the salinity if necessary, or take out some water and add fresh water to lower the salinity. Let it mix another hour and test again. Once the salinity is at the desired level you can then start adding livestock.

There are 3 trace elements you should add on a regular basis. Calcium, Strontium, and Iodine are the trace elements we add at least once a week to our reef tanks. Calcium and Strontium are added for the stony corals, as they will strip these trace elements out of the water for there stony skeleton, and Iodine is needed for shrimps and crabs, so they can molt properly.



The best substrate for the reef aquarium is very fine aragonite (coral) sand at a depth of 2 to 3 inches (7.5cm). A 50-pound bag covers 325 square inches at about 3 inches or 10 pounds will cover 65 square inches. A typical 20-gallon would require about 45 pounds, and a typical 10 gallon would require 30 pounds. Why the fine aragonite sand? The number one reason is, once microorganisms colonize the sand it will start reducing nitrate (NO3). The lower depth of the sand bed houses anaerobic bacteria that use the oxygen atom on the nitrate molecule to breathe. The sand will slowly be turned over by small organisms that live in the sand bed. This will allow the water to slowly be exchanged in the lower sand bed, allowing an anaerobic condition to exist. Large forms of gravel will allow to quick of a water change over for an anaerobic condition to take place. It can be done, but it would require an extremely thick bed.



Live Rock and/or Live Sand and/or Bio-Spira from Marineland should be added to the aquarium after the salinity has been set. This will help seed the aquarium with beneficial bacteria that will break down ammonia and nitrite. The base Live Rock should be in contact with the bottom of the aquarium. Once the base Live Rock is in contact with the bottom you can then pack your sand around the rock. This is done to help prevent any animals from undermining the rock and then creating all the rock to shift and possibly tumble down, risking the tank breaking or getting scratched. Live Sand should be added on top of the dry sand. You want the beneficial bacteria in the live sand to be in contact with the water column.

Once your aquarium is set up it is normal to go through algae blooms. The first algae that shows up is a brown algae, then usually followed by green hairy algae. Algae can be controlled by adding 4 Astria (Florida Turbo) snails per 10 gallons.

I prefer to cycle the reef tank with crabs and shrimp, rather than fish. They tend to be less of a bio-load on the aquarium and seem to tolerate ammonia and nitrite better than fish.

Mini (Nano) reef tanks are a very good way to get your hands wet in the reef hobby. Contrary to what many people have said, small reef tanks are very easy to keep. Many of the animals are very hardy, and will live for many years.

What do juvenile mangrove fish want to do when they grow up?

Worldwide, juvenile fish are highly abundant in mangrove habitats and this is especially true for tropical marine ecosystems. Mangroves can act as nurseries to juvenile fish offering protection from predators and a ready supply of food. It has long been considered in conservation circles that such nursery habitats should be protected in order to increase the replenishment of adult fish populations in nearby coral reefs. However, this last idea has actually never been proven, and it could be argued that mangroves act as a sink rather than a source of potential recruits.

Taking a longitudinal approach of following cohorts over time, we evaluated evidence for mangrove-derived replenishment of 10 coral reef fishes by drawing on data from 2 concurrent fish monitoring efforts conducted in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, over the period 1999 to 2007. Annual indices of abundance were calculated for fish estimated to be age-0 to 4+ in both habitats, and correlation analyses, with appropriate temporal lags, were performed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.30 to 0.71) correlations between juvenile abundances in mangrove habitats and adult abundances on the reef tract 1 to 2 yr later emerged for 4 species: Abudefduf saxatilis, Lutjanus apodus, L. griseus, and Sphyraena barracuda.

This study is novel in that it uses a long term data set > 2 years. It is also one of the few longitudinal studies that matches juvenile abundance with adult abundance in mangrove habitats. The results clearly illustrate that some species spend time as juveniles in mangroves and later migrate to coral reefs. This mangrove-reef ontogenetic connectivity has potential for conservation issues such as nursery habitat assessment and marine reserve design.

Jones, D., Walter, J., Brooks, E., & Serafy, J. (2010). Connectivity through ontogeny: fish population linkages among mangrove and coral reef habitats Marine Ecology Progress Series, 401, 245-258 DOI: 10.3354/meps08404